Who posted the Ninety-Five Theses and sparked a Protestant Reformation?

• A. John Calvin
• B. Henry VIII
• C. Ulrich Zwingli
• D. Martin Luther

Answer: (D)

The action being tested is the initiation of the Protestant Reformation through a public challenge to church practices. In 1517, Martin Luther posted the Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, criticizing the sale of indulgences and calling for debate about how the church should be run and what rooted authority should guide doctrine. This act transformed a scholarly dispute into a wider reform movement because the ideas spread rapidly via the printing press, encouraging people to question church authority and seek changes based on Scripture and faith.

Other reformers did influence the movement, and later events reshaped Christianity in Europe, but the explicit act of posting the theses is tied to Luther. He articulated a stance that salvation comes through faith and that Scripture should be the ultimate authority, ideas that sparked a broader break from medieval Catholic practices.